Health Risks and Diseases of Smoking

Health Risks and Diseases of Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print Health Risks and Diseases of Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 05, 2020 krisanapong detraphiphat / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. If asked which smoking-related disease is the number one cause of death among smokers, most people would probably guess lung cancer or emphysema. While both diseases do claim many lives each year, more smokers actually die from heart disease than any other smoking-related condition. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States within the general population.?? Many risk factors for cardiovascular disease are related to a persons lifestyle, including smoking cigarettes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that tobacco use accounts for up to 10% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths globally each year.?? In addition to being hard on the heart, smoking also contributes to other chronic conditions and diseases that can lead to disability and even death. According to the CDC, for every person who dies from a smoking-related cause, there are 30 people living with a smoking-related disease.?? Global Smoking Statistics Smokings Effects on Health The World Health Organizations tobacco use statistics indicate that approximately 7 billion worldwide people die smoking-related deaths every year.?? Furthermore, its not just smokers who suffer the effects of tobacco use: The WHO statistics show that an additional 1.2 million people who dont smoke die each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. In the United States alone, cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, with around one in five people dying a smoking-related death every year.?? Part of what makes smoking so deadly are the chemical compounds used to make cigarettes. According to the American Lung Association, more than 7,000 chemicals are present in a lit cigaretteâ€"at least 69 of which are known to cause cancer.?? Additionally, many of the 600-some ingredients found in a single cigarette can be toxic including ammonia, lead, carbon monoxide, arsenic, and formaldehyde (the fluid used to embalm dead bodies). The destructive health consequences of smoking cigarettes are widespread. While some are outwardly visible (such as yellow teeth and nails or a smokers cough), many of the negative effects of smoking are internal and may buildup slowly overtime. Here are just a few examples of how smoking can affect each system of your body. Brain, Head, and Neck Tobacco use can cause many physical health conditions, but it can also affect your mental health. Depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions are common in people who use substances, including tobacco. According to the CDC, smokers are more likely to experience depression than non-smokers.?? One of the more obvious consequences of smoking that is related to both physical and mental health is the altered brain chemistry that occurs when someone uses tobacco. When someone is addicted to smoking and tries to quit, they will likely experience nicotine withdrawal. What Its Like to Be Addicted to Smoking Smoking can also change the brain on a physical level. For example, the thickening and narrowing of blood vessels that result from smoking increases a persons risk of having a stroke.?? Eyes and Nose Whether youre smoking yourself or just standing downwind of someone who is, a waft of cigarette smoke can easily irritate the eyes, causing stinging and watering. In the longterm, exposure to cigarette smoke can also lead to: CataractsMacular degenerationReduced sense of smell Mouth, Teeth, and Throat Smoking cigarettes can lead to yellow-stained teeth and bad breath, but there are also other health consequences for the mouth, teeth, and throat, including: Sore throatReduced sense of tasteGum disease (gingivitis)Plaque buildupCavitiesTeeth that are loose or fall outGraves diseaseThyroid diseaseOral cancers (lips, mouth, throat, larynx); cancer of the esophagus Hair, Skin, and Nails Smoking is often associated with discolored and brittle nails, hair that smells of cigarettes, and bad breath. There are also other effects that are more than skin deep, including: Wrinkles and premature agingPoor circulation (e.g., cold hands and feet)Peripheral vascular diseaseBuergers diseaseGangrene How Smoking Damages Your Skin Heart and Lungs Tobacco smoke harms, blocks, and weakens arteries of the heart (atherosclerosis) which increases a persons risk of cardiovascular disease.?? Other cardiopulmonary conditions attributed to smoking include: Heart attackLung cancerChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysemaSmokers cough and sputumAsthmaShortness of breathFrequent coldsPneumoniaIncreased risk of complications from tuberculosis and influenza Digestion and Urinary System Smoking can also affect your bodys ability to digest and eliminate nutrients from what you eat and drink. It can also lead to specific conditions, such as: Stomach and duodenal ulcersAortic aneurysmCancers of stomach, pancreas, colon, kidneys, and bladder How Smoking Affects Your Metabolism Bones Smoking weakens the bones, making it more likely that a person will get injured if they fall or are in an accident.?? Osteoporosis can increase a persons risk of fractures (such as a broken hip). Degenerative disc disease damages the bones of the spine, which can cause neck and back pain. Blood, Inflammation, and Immunity Smoking can increase the levels of inflammation in the body, which can make the symptoms of certain health conditions (such as fibromyalgia) worse. Heightened levels of inflammation in the body are also known to contribute to the development of cancer and cardiovascular disease.?? Smoking is a known risk factor for certain blood cancers (leukemia). Smoking also reduces immunity, putting a person at risk for infection and making it harder for their body to heal from an illness or injury. People who have autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and lupus may notice that smoking increases the duration, frequency, and intensity of their flares.?? Reproductive Health, Pregnancy, and Smoking The effects of smoking can begin even before conception, affecting both male and female reproduction: Sperm deformity, loss of motility, reduced numberInfertilityImpotencePeriod painEarly menopauseCervical cancer Smoking during pregnancy poses risks to both the person who is pregnant and the developing fetus.?? Possible complications that may occur during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and in the postpartum period include: Spontaneous abortion or miscarriageEctopic pregnancyPlacental abruptionPlacenta previaPremature rupture of membranesPremature birthNewborn small for gestational ageStillbirthBirth defects (e.g., congenital limb reduction)Increased nicotine receptors in the newborns brain A baby born to a parent who uses tobacco is also at risk for smoking-related health effects as they grow up. Research has shown that children of smokers may be more likely to smoke as teens, more likely to develop respiratory illnesses and conditions like asthma, and may even be more prone to anxiety disorders compared to their peers who arent exposed to cigarette smoke.?? How Secondhand Smoke Hurts Kids A Word From Verywell Even though the list of diseases known to be associated with smoking is already very long, its incomplete. We dont yet fully understand all of the dangers that cigarette smoke presents, and the research is ongoing. What we do know is that cigarettes snuff life out at an alarming rate. Statistics tell us that around half of longterm smokers will die a smoking-related death. Globally, that translates to nearly five million deaths a year. Put another way, someone loses their life to smoking every eight seconds somewhere in the world. Humans are incredibly resilient, and its never too late to quit. While not all of the damage caused by smoking cigarettes can be reversed, research has shown that some of the damage can be healedâ€"even after years of smoking. Practical Tools to Help You Quit Smoking